lithium-ion battery fires

Former firefighter reveals terrifying truths of lithium-ion battery fires

by with No Comment Lithium-ion Battery Fires

A former firefighter has raised serious concerns about how emergency crews deal with lithium-ion battery fires.

This came out in an interview with the firefighter after an electric bus set alight in Wimbledon on Thursday, Neil Pederson has warned of a tsunami of similar fires in the future.

Enormous amounts of water are needed and this type of lithium-ion battery fires are currently difficult to put out quickly.

He set up Fire Containers Ltd in 2019 which is looking to develop the world’s first Electric Vehicle Containment Unit.

How are lithium-ion battery fires put out?

Neil told Metro: ‘There could be a tsunami of electric vehicle fires if action is not taken soon.’

‘This is because they are basically chemical fires that spread from cell to cell and create a domino effect where water is useless against a blaze.’

‘Firefighters have to use 10 to 15 times more water to tackle an EV fire over a petrol or diesel vehicle because of hazardous flammable toxic gases it gives off from the lithium batteries.’

‘Water is useless against these toxic gases and turns to steam.’

‘What’s more, lithium batteries are on the bottom of electric vehicles and are hard for firefighters to tackle so this is where the EVCU comes in handy.’

The only fire services in the UK that use the EVCUs are Staffordshire and West Midlands.

With 20 million electric vehicles expected on the UK’s roads by 2032, up from 1.2 million in 2023, this poses a problem for fire services up and down the country.

The sale of electric vehicles outstripped diesel and petrol car sales last year, which Neil says will equate to more fires on the UK’s roads.

What could have caused the electric London bus fire?

Addressing Thursday’s fire in London, Neil said: ‘It’s most likely that today’s electric vehicle bus fire in London was caused by an electrical fault and may not be linked to the lithium-ion batteries if the fire started at the back of the bus.

‘This is because lithium batteries on electric buses are on the top of the front of the bus rather than the back.’

‘But as the sale of electric vehicles continues to increase, fires like these are only going to become more common.’

‘On average it takes firefighters four hours to extinguish EV fires and this is because of their lithium batteries and on average costs £1million an hour each time traffic is held up because of a burning vehicle.’

Have electric bus fires happened before?

The Wimbledon bus fire is not the first time an EV fire has caused chaos in London after a Potters Bar bus depot fire in 2019.

And there are safety concerns about a new Edgware EV bus garage proposed in north London.

Neil added: ‘The problem is that millions of electric vehicles are due to be sold with lithium batteries.’

‘The way to prevent this is investment in new technologies to replace these highly flammable batteries.’

‘Right now toxic gases are highly dangerous to the health and safety of firefighters on the ground as well.’

‘These fires are virtually impossible to stop and until then we face an increase and likelihood of more.’

For a more in-depth look into lithium-ion battery fires, check out our complete overview on the topic HERE.

Lithium-ion battery fires

Lithium-ion Battery Fires An Overview

by with One Comment Lithium-ion Battery Fires

The Lithium-ion battery was invented in 1982. These batteries are completely different from the standard lithium battery. Lithium batteries are the standard non-rechargeable batteries and are very safe. Lithium-ion batteries, however, are rechargeable and this is where the problems come from. Lithium-ion battery fires are not common but the odds can be increased by the wrong practices. These batteries are not unsafe as such but they certainly have their risks.

As these batteries are rechargeable they store lots of energy relative to their size. As they are so small, they are very accessible and therefore are used for all different rechargeable products of all different shapes and sizes.

As the technology has developed for these Lithium-ion batteries, they have been able to hold more and more energy relative to their size, and this is what has made them more dangerous as time has progressed. In the modern household, they can be seen everywhere from our phones, watches, laptops, earphones and even more recently popular e-bikes and e-scooters which have been shown to be the most dangerous in the latest statistics. There have been 102 fires associated with e-bikes and scooters so far in 2023. This then forecasts to 338 for the whole year. This is a massive increase from the 227 fires caused by electrical scooters and bikes in 2022.

Lithium-ion batteries are everywhere but how are they dangerous and what causes them to start fires? Most of the time Lithium-ion batteries are safe and will never start a fire with safe and sensible usage, but when they are used with little care, this is when they can be a danger.

Overcharging

One of the causes of the Lithium-ion battery actually setting on fire is when the battery is overcharged. This is when the battery is constantly being charged over its optimal charge window and even still past 100%. The biggest culprit for this is people such as phone users who leave their phones charging overnight, every night. This then eventually over time wears the battery out until just one time it could explode and burst into flames.

This is also a growing problem with e-bikes and e-scooters as they are another common item that is left to charge for extended periods of time. Lithium-ion batteries have an optimal window of charge which is 30-70% and maybe 20-80% for some products. If a battery is kept in this window at all times, the wear on the battery will stay minimal for a long time, therefore leading to longer life of the battery and less chance of it starting a fire.

Overheating

Another factor is whether the battery is overheating. Overheating can be caused by many different things such as blocked ventilation or overexposure to direct heat such as the sun. With electrical cars or EVs using large Lithium-ion batteries to function, these can also have this as an added risk. In a few situations overheating due to being in extreme heat for too long has led to fires in the batteries of the electric cars. These fires are usually very dangerous as an EV has a huge Lithium-ion battery in it which then will explode into flames if this problem occurs. The battery itself is spread along the whole bottom of the car. Some cases of this have been involved with Teslas that have gone up in flames by overheating. 

Another common reason for Lithium-ion battery fires being caused by overheating is leaving products such as phones charging under objects like pillows or blankets where ventilation is poor. These fires are dangerous as they are likely in or under a very flammable material and would allow the fire to spread with ease.

Spreading knowledge and knowing about the dangers of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries is important as they are a growing danger in the modern home and in modern life in general. With these fires’ spontaneous nature and their huge dangers, e-bikes and e-scooters have been banned from all London transport systems after a number of fires on the network caused by these rechargeable vehicles. 

Disposal

Li-ion battery fires can sometimes occur after the disposal of the batteries themselves. These can happen if the battery is penetrated or crushed. These scenarios are a danger when disposing of and maybe even still at the end of the life of one of these batteries. 

When a Lithium-ion battery is penetrated, this can lead to the potent electrolytes leaking through the hole in the battery, which then often creates a chemical reaction that releases heat. This in turn heats the other cells in the battery and can lead to thermal runaway.

Thermal runaway is when a cell of the Li-ion battery enters a self-heating uncontrollable stage which leads to an explosion and then a fire. This is a huge danger when disposing of these batteries, on a domestic scale officials recommend placing and leaving the batteries in salt water for at least two weeks and then disposing of them as hazardous waste. If one of these batteries were to get to landfill and get damaged this could lead to thermal runaway and then turn into a huge fire causing the whole site to get engulfed in flames. So when disposing of and dealing with damaged Li-ion batteries please take great care.

Dealing with Lithium-ion battery fires

So if a Li-ion battery fire does occur, what are you supposed to do and how do you deal with it? If you know about fire classification, you may think these would fall into Class D fires (flammable metals). However, this is incorrect. This also means they cannot be extinguished with the Specialist Class D extinguishers like flammable metal fires can.

However, there are some types of fire extinguishers that can extinguish these very dangerous fires. Some of the latest products that are being developed and produced are AVD Vermiculite fire extinguishers and EV fire blankets. The EV fire blanket is specifically designed for electric vehicles and is placed directly over the electric car to maintain the fire. These fires are much harder to put out as these fires burn at around 700℃ to 1,000℃ and can burn for up to 24 hours. But with the EV fire blanket, it can drastically reduce this time by depriving the fire of oxygen. 

The AVD Vermiculite fire extinguishers are products aimed to try to target all types of Li-ion battery fires. They are a water-based extinguishing system with vermiculite particles suspended in the water to act as a smothering tool to stop the fire from receiving oxygen. These extinguishers are designed to deprive the fire of heat and oxygen and act as an electrical barrier. Currently, there is no British standard for these types of extinguishers and technology, so the companies that produce them are working hard to get them certified for use industrially.

Firexo

However, there is one fire extinguisher that stands out in this field. That is the Firexo all-purpose fire extinguisher. This Firexo extinguisher can be used on all types of fires, including Lithium-ion battery fires. The Firexo extinguishers that we sell have the Kitemark to BS EN3 which means that are approved to British Standards. They also have the CE mark.

These extinguishers are non-toxic and biodegradable which makes them some of the most groundbreaking products of the fire industry. To find out more about Firexo click HERE.

how do you deal with lithium-ion battery fires

Lithium-ion Battery Fires 5 – How do you deal with lithium-ion battery fires?

by with No Comment Lithium-ion Battery Fires

We know how a Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) battery fire may occur. But how do you deal with lithium-ion battery fires? Li-Ion battery fires you may think would be classed in class D of fire and so therefore would be able to be extinguished by a Dry Powder extinguisher. But no, they are not classed as a class D fire even though lithium is a metal, the nature of the fire means that they cannot be extinguished like a usual class D fire.

Products

The new products that are being developed and produced of late are AVD Vermiculite extinguishers and EV fire blankets. The EV fire blanket is specifically designed for electric vehicles and is placed directly over the electric car to maintain the fire. These fires are much harder to put out as the fires themselves are around 700℃ to 1,000℃ and can burn for up to 24 hours. But with the EV fire blanket it can drastically reduce this time by depriving the fire with oxygen. 

The AVD Vermiculite extinguishers are products aimed to try to target all types of Li-Ion battery fires. They are a water based extinguishing system with vermiculite particles suspended in the water to act as a smothering tool to stop the fire from receiving oxygen. These extinguishers are designed to deprive the fire from heat, oxygen and also act as an electrical barrier.

British Standard

Currently there is no British standard for these types of extinguishers and technology, and also there is no Kitemark that is able to be displayed on the extinguisher itself. This is because there is no current actual fire rating for this type of extinguisher so it is unable to to kitemarked. The industry has been particularly slow in trying to get these extinguishers to a certain standard and also finding a fire rating for them. This therefore isn’t allowing the widespread of this technology as it is seen as not as much of a know entity.

Check out our last iteration of Lithium-ion battery fires here.

how do you deal with lithium-ion battery fires

damage and penetration

Lithium-ion Battery Fires 4 – Damage and Penetration

by with One Comment Lithium-ion Battery Fires

Spreading knowledge and knowing about the dangers of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries is important as they are a growing danger in the modern home and in modern life in general. Whether the battery has damage or penetration is important to think about as this creates a large amount danger. They are seen as a horrible danger with a spontaneous nature, e-bikes and e-scooters have been banned from all London transport systems after a number of fires on the network caused by these vehicles.

Damage and Penetration to Li-ion Batteries

Li-ion battery fires can sometimes occur after disposal of the batteries themselves. These are due to when the battery is penetrated or crushed. These scenarios are a danger when disposing of and maybe even still at the end of the life of one of these batteries. This comes from when potent electrolytes leak through the hole in the battery, this then often creates a chemical reaction that releases heat. This then in-turn heats the other cells in the battery and can lead to thermal runaway. Thermal runaway is when a cell of the Li-ion battery enters a self heating uncontrollable stage which leads to the explosion and then fire.

Disposal of Li-ion Batteries

This is a huge danger when disposing these batteries, on a domestic scale officials recommend placing and leaving the batteries into salt water for at least two weeks then disposing them as hazardous waste. If one of these batteries were to get to landfill and get damaged this could lead to thermal runaway and then could cause an absolutely huge fire damaging the whole site by engulfing it into flames. So when disposing and dealing with damaged Li-ion batteries please take great care.

Check out our last iteration of Lithium-ion battery fires here.

damage and penetration

damage and penetration

Li-ion battery fire 3 resized

Lithium-ion Battery Fires 3 – Overheating

by with No Comment Lithium-ion Battery Fires

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery fires usually have a cause, even if what the user has done has been done loads of times before. Li-ion battery fires are still uncommon but they do have factors that can increase the likelihood of one starting. We touched upon overcharging in the last iteration but another factor is whether the battery is overheating.

Overheating

Overheating can be caused by many different things such as blocked ventilation or over exposure to direct heat such as the sun. In most overheating due to being in the direct sun for too long comes in the form of li-ion battery fires in electric cars. These fires are usually very dangerous as obviously there are many things that are flammable inside of cars and when a li-ion fire occurs in an electric car they quickly ball up in flames as the battery itself is spread along the whole of the bottom of the car. Some cases for this have been involved with Teslas that have gone up in flames and some have been caused by this overheating but some coming from other sources that we will touch upon in a later iteration.

Another common reason for fires caused by overheating is leaving products such as phones charging under things like pillows or blankets where ventilation is poor. These fires are dangerous as they are likely in or under a carbonaceous item that is very flammable and would allow the fire to spread with ease.

Check out our last iteration of Lithium-ion battery fires here.

lithium-ion batteries overcharging

Lithium-ion Battery Fires 2 – Overcharging

by with No Comment Lithium-ion Battery Fires

Lithium-ion batteries are everywhere as shown by the last iteration of Lithium-ion battery fires. But what makes them so dangerous and what causes them to start fires? Most lithium-ion batteries are safe and will never start a fire with safe and sensible usage, but sometimes they are used with not enough care for what a danger they could be. When the batteries are consistently left overcharging, the risk starts to rise.

Overcharging

One of the causes of lithium-ion battery fires is when people are overcharging the batteries. This is when the battery is constantly being charged all the time for extensive periods of time. The biggest culprit for this is people such as phone users who leave their phone charging overnight, every night so eventually overtime the battery is worn and worn until just one time it could explode and burst into flames. This is also a growing problem with e-bikes and e-scooters as they are another common item that is left to charge for extended periods of time.

How to stay safe

Lithium-ion batteries’ optimal window of charge is 30-70% and maybe 20-80% for some other products. If a battery is kept in this window at all times, the wear on the battery will stay minimal for a long time, therefore leading to longer lives of batteries and less chance of starting a fire.

Check out our last iteration of Lithium-ion battery fires here.

Lithium-ion batteries overcharging is one of the greatest risks.

lithium-ion battery

Lithium-ion Battery Fires 1

by with No Comment Lithium-ion Battery Fires

The first Lithium-ion battery was invented in 1982, and are different from the standard lithium battery. Lithium batteries are the standard non-rechargeable batteries and are very safe however, lithium-ion batteries are rechargeable and this leads to their problems. As they are rechargeable they store lots of energy relative to their size. And this is another of their problems, as they are so small, they are very accessible and useful for all different rechargeable products of all different shapes and sizes.

Development of the Lithium-ion Battery

As the technology has developed the lithium-ion battery has been able to hold more and more energy relative to their size, and this is what has made them more dangerous over the last few years. In the modern household, they can be seen everywhere from our phones, our watches, our earphones and even more recently popular e-bikes and e-scooters which have shown to be the most dangerous in the latest statistics.

Check out our next iteration of Lithium-ion battery fires here. Where we touch upon the dangers of overcharging lithium-ion batteries and what can YOU DO to help stay safe.

To learn more about extinguishing lithium-ion battery fires click here to look into AVD extinguishers.